Capital Punishment And The Death Penalty - 1106 Words

Jesse Jackson once said, â€Å"Capital punishment turns the state into a murderer.† Capital punishment has been around for several hundred years, the first documented execution in America taking place in 1608, but more recently this form of punishment has been raising questions on its morality. While the form of execution has changed over the years, from firing squad to lethal injection, all forms succeed in their purpose: to kill. Support for capital punishment is still very strong in America, the reasons ranging from the fact that the death sentence deters crime, all the way to plain revenge, but recent polls show that a majority of Americans find the death penalty an unjust sentence. It is imperative that Americans open their eyes to the fact that capital punishment does nothing to deter crime, is a result of erroneous sentencing, and is the most basic definition of murder. Several people in support of capital punishment claim that the death penalty is the only way we as a nation can deter horrendous crimes, such as murder. Quite contradictory to what supporters claim, a recent study by the Death Penalty Information Center showed that in 2014 alone, the average murder rate in states that did have the death penalty was 4.7, while the average murder rate for states without the death penalty was 3.8. The results of this study show a glaring difference between states with the death penalty and states without. This quite obviously proves that the death penalty is of no hindranceShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pageswritten down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced byRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. The debate over capital punishment has always been a topic of great controversy. Before the Supreme Court ruling in 1976 America had been practicing capital punishment for centuries. At the current time some states enforce the death penalty, while some do not. There are differences of opinion’s relating to whether or not the death penalty is the proper wayRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty991 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your having a normal morning, eating breakfast doing your normal routine. Suddenly your phone rings and when you answer you hear the worst news possible. One of your family members has just been murdered in cold blood. You cry, mourn, then become angry. You attend the court hearing and you sit less than 20 feet away from the murderer. Do you truly believe this person deserves to live? Or should they face a punishment that is equal to their crime? Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesName: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crim e. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals

Women s Rights Movement During The 20th Century - 2104 Words

During the 20th century, the women’s rights movement changed the role of women in society for the better, causing a change in the traditional gender roles that culture dictated before the turn of the century. Women won the right to vote in 1919, which was a major turning point in the respect of women as equal members of society as compared to men. In addition to this newfound right, women also took steps to become part of the work force rather than stay home and raise the children like traditional housewives of the time. This sudden interest was sparked by the two major wars that were fought during the 20th century, each causing women to feel that it was their duty to fill in for men while they were fighting for our country. Another significant feature of this time period was the exploration of sexuality for women, especially in the case of determining whether or not a woman was a lesbian. Given these issues, John Dos Passos and Patricia Highsmith both wrote novels that t ouched on the issues of being a woman during the 20th century and the certain rights that one had as a woman in society. In their respective works, Dos Passos and Highsmith explore the view of women through the characters of Janey and Therese Belivet, which portrays the distinct nature of women that are defying the traditional gender norms of the time. At this time, women were often times seen as the model housewife and were also often seen in social situations as the caretaker and homemaker of theShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Movement And The Demand For Women Suffrage1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe woman s rights movement and the demand for woman suffrage emerged in the first half of the 19th century from a variety of other movements. A major goal of the woman s rights movement was to change public opinion regarding women s capacities and rights. Suffrage was one of several reforms intended to end the significant legal, political, religious, and cultural discriminations against nineteenth century women. Suffrage became the primary goal of the woman s rights movement during the 1850sRead MoreWomen‚Äà ´s Suffrage Movement of Europe1187 Words   |  5 Pageshistory, women have struggled for equality in all parts of the world. European women fought for suffrage for an extremely long period of time before they were granted full voting rights. Each country approved women’s suffrage at different times, but it occurred in most European countries in the early 20th century. The first country to develop universal suffrage was Finland in the year 1906(â€Å"Women’s Suffrage in Europe†). One of the last countries to become open about women’s voting rights was SwitzerlandRead MoreGertrude Stein : A Feminist Approach Of Seeming Weak And Unstable1635 Words   |  7 PagesOnce there was a movement for women to grow and expand what they wanted to do there were many poets and writers that wanted to write about the actions that were occurring in that time period. Once poet was Gertrude Stein, in Food and Objects, there is a feminist approach of seeming weak and unstable. Her use of word choice with at first thinking that nothing is making sense about her writing, along with her talking about domestic spaces and always looking outside. Her having multiple pieces of workRead MoreThe Evolu tion of Gender Roles and its Role in Society1505 Words   |  7 Pageshad a huge impact on the way men and women are seen and treated. In this way, women have always been secondary to males and seen as the fragile counterparts whose job is to take care of the household and most importantly, be loyal to her husband no matter the circumstance. Gender roles throughout history have greatly influenced society. The slow progress of woman’s rights throughout humanities led to an explosion of woman’s rights throughout the 20th century and that trend will only continue on intoRead MoreThe Path Of Federal Vote For Women During The Mexican Revolution1502 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal vote for women in Mexico was a unique history to the Mexican Revolution. The nation was known as a great independent movement, which highly looking for economic modernization, and practice liberal ideals. Because they were lacked of education, Liberal was a big concerned for women and fear that wom en might harm and cause more problems to the progressive politics (Pablos 45, 60). The battle for the right to vote was only thought in England, Europe and United States. However, women in Mexico goingRead MoreWomen s Rights For Women1465 Words   |  6 Pages Women’s rights in America in late 1800’s women’s right to vote women in medicine and the equal rights for women are the 3 main points that were big in the 1800’s. Women’s rights to vote women couldn’t vote back in the late 1800’s. Women had to stay home and take care of the children, cook and clean the house and when their husbands get home take care of them too. Although women had to do all those things they were not paid equal for the things they did. Women were told it is not job to vote thatRead MoreA Marxist Evaluation Of Feminism And Gender Equality Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesneoliberal capitalistic model. Feminism, since the 1970s, has become a subjective and distorted version of what it was meant to be—a system that sought to raise the rights of women out of the home (as domestic servants) and into the workplace. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the idea of Marxism as a system of economic analysis for women to dissect the inequalities of patriarchal capitalism has also become diluted and co-opted by the ruling classes as a â€Å"political phenomenon:† In this sense, thenRead MoreWhy Women Should Not Have Political Rights1065 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the late 19th and 20th century, many political and social events like the persons case, suffrage, and both world wars aided in transforming Canada s meaning and purpose for a woman. Many political figures like Emily Murphy and Alberta s Famous Five played large roles in characterizing the rights and freedoms of a woman. Secondly, the roaring twenties was a time for females to challenge their traditional roles and prove that they have much broader capabilities than to stay at home. FinallyRead MoreEssay on Resistance to Colonial Rule in Africa1041 Words   |  5 PagesBy the start of the 20th century, Colonial rule by both the French and the British in Southern Africa had rising expenditure costs. The British method of indirect rule in their colonies, created by Frederick Lugard to leave existing government as it is, had far lower costs than the French method of direct rule. Noneth eless taxation stood as the universal method of keeping all colonies cheap and straightforwardly ran. African’s disgust with a white man telling them to pay for the white man’s endeavorsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Trifles By Susan Gillespe Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesWomen rights are the act of fighting for the idea that man and woman should have equal rights. â€Å"Throughout history woman generally have had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men.† (Women s History in America Presented by Women s International Center) Mother hood seemed to be a women most significant profession. In the 20th century woman fought for a reevaluation of traditional views on their society. During the past 100 years’ women, civil rights have evolved. â€Å"Women have been viewed

Wings of Desire and Antigone Conflicts and Opposites Essay

Annotated Bibliography MacKay, L.A. Antigone, Coriolanus and Hegel. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 93 (1962): 166-174. Web. 19 Mar 2012. JSTOR http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/283759?uid=2uid=4sid=47698786493307 The author, LA MacKay through this article has provided a comprehensive insight into the themes of revolt and conflict illustrated through the characters and sentiments of the play, Antigone and therefore proves to be a valuable resource for the study of the same. The article has been published by the Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association and the author has composed various analytical essays, particularly on the subject of Creon and Antigone which†¦show more content†¦These opposites essentially represent not only the tendency of this world to possess conflicting images, but also an individual’s tendency to have conflicting emotions as well as the struggles between individuals. Antigone and Wings of Desire are two exceptional works of art, that although seem vastly diverse in terms of setting, form and style are however, in my opinion, linked through their portrayal of the struggles experienced by individuals as well as the demonstrati on of conflicting images and forces. Antigone is a play that was first written by Sophocles in 442 BC and later adapted and rewritten by Jean Anouilh. The story follows the epic tragic heroine Antigone and her downfall through her opposition against the King Creon. Wings of Desire, directed by Wim Wenders is a 1987 Franco-German film. It revolves around two angels, one of who is named Damiel who falls in love with a human. He wishes to renounce his immortality for a chance to be with the woman he loves and to experience human emotions and sensations. Unlike most Greek tragedies, Antigone is not essentially about the opposing powers of good and evil. Instead, the play demonstrates the conflict between one’s duty towards their family and their country and social expectations. â€Å"Antigone presents a conflict between family loyalty and loyalty to the state, between demands of the state and the will of the individual† (MacKay, 166). The kingShow MoreRelatedMoral Lessons in Antigone3823 Words   |  16 PagesThe play Antigone was written by Sophocles around four hundred forty B.C.E, in the height of the golden age of Greece. Theater was then, as it is now, a medium through which to implicate the outlooks of its writer and to examine moral issues, whilst providing entertainment. The subjects discussed through theater were often deeply rooted in the dialogue of the characters in the plays and struck the chords of the audience such that enlightenment could take place, and in that day and age this purposeRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton free essay sample

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton Lily Dugas 3 Hour 3/2/11 In the making of America, there were many different opinions on government. Two of the most opinionated people were Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. They both had very strong voices and were looked up to by many people. They always seemed to disagree with each other; they didn’t have the same ideas on the American government at all. Alexander Hamilton was born on January 11, 1755 on the island of Nevis in the West Indies. His father was James Hamilton, a Scottish Merchant, and his mother was Rachael Fawcette Levine. During his adolescence, he served as a clerk and apprentice. Eventually he was enrolled in the Grammar school in Elizabeth Town, New Jersey. During the Revolutionary War, he helped greatly, teaming up with Washington for 4 years. Later, Hamilton was voted a member into the Continental Congress. While Washington was President, he became the first Secretary of Treasury. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thomas Jefferson was born on April 14, 1743, in Shadwell, Virginia. His father was Peter Jefferson, a successful surveyor and planter, and his mother was Jane Randolph. When he grew up he went to College of William and Mary, where he practiced law. Later in his life he became a member of the House of Burgesses, then a member of the Continental Congress, where he was chosen to write the Declaration of Independence. When Washington was president, Jefferson became Secretary of State, and 4 years later he became the President. One of very few things that Jefferson and Hamilton did have in common was that they both loved America and believed that it could amount to something very successful. They just had different ways of getting there. Jefferson thought that people should have a lot of say in government. Hamilton thought the opposite. He said that the government should be strict. Jefferson also thought that people’s liberties should be protected by laws. Hamilton thought that rights such as Freedom of Speech should sometimes be restricted. Jefferson and Hamilton also had different views on the constitution. Hamilton wanted a loose interpretation of the constitution, whereas Jefferson wanted it strict. Hamilton said that even if the constitution didn’t say anything about a national bank, government still had the authority. But Jefferson said that if the constitution didn’t state anything about a national bank, then the government didn’t have the power. When it came to the economy, they still had different opinions. To Jefferson, the federal government should have a limited amount of power, giving more power to the states and the people. He also thought that the America should be based on things like agriculture and farming. Hamilton believed in a strong federal government, and said that a more strict government would give the country order so that industry and business could grow. I think our country should be based on both agriculture and manufacturing. So many things that we have today are not made in America, and I think that if we planted more crops and made more things that we would be a more successful country. I also think it would be better because we would have more advantages if we had more agriculture and manufacturing put together. It’s a tough decision, but when you add it all together, I think Hamilton’s views are more practical. Though both views were very important in forming the government, Hamilton’s saw a country with great industrial power, which would create an overall very strong country. Jefferson’s views of a weak federal government could have led to a lot of problems that the federal government couldn’t solve. Hamilton’s idea of a strict government was better because it would keep America in order and out of chaos.

Managing Organizational Competencies Competitive Advantage

Question: Discuss about the Managing Organizational Competencies for Competitive Advantage. Answer: Introduction Internal competencies or internal knowledge based resources give organizations a critical advantage over competitors. Yet organizations tend to generally remain ignorant of their importance in ensuring the success and growth of the business. While it is observed that many competencies are a result of necessity or exposure to a certain knowledge or process; proactively developing internal competencies would help organizations gain a considerable additional advantage over their competitors. The greatest advantage of ensuring the managements awareness of the internal competencies of a firm is that these would be developed and refined. Furthermore the gaps in competencies would be addressed and this would help enhance the competitive position of the organization (King, Fowler and Zeithaml, 2001). Reflection On Experiencing The Development Of Management Competencies Since finance is an essential part of all organizations, the competency being discussed is the strategic management of finances. This core competency is seen across organizations, yet some organizations continue to enjoy a better financial position as opposed their competitors as well as better job satisfaction among employees (Singh, 2013). The commonly seen reason for this is the tactical advantage afforded to some organizations as opposed to others operating in the same area of operations despite facing similar environmental and economic constraints. Thus, an organization that fosters the development of tactical competencies across departments is not adversely affected by the attrition of staff to other firms (Brando et al., 2012). Working as an intern in the financial department of a leading firm, I experienced the internal process in managing competencies in this department as the middle management groomed the subordinates, new recruits and interns in the various aspects of managing finances. My direct supervisor had been with the organization for over five years and dealt with the payables and receivables of the firm. Thus, I was introduced to the practical aspects of credit periods, payment follow-ups and reminder letters along with reconciliations of various debtor and creditor ledgers. I also was taught the correct approach to ask clients for clearing outstanding through phone calls and emails. Closed loop action was a mantra reiterated time and again as I worked on various factors that ensured the cash flows were not affected adversely. Conclusion The nuances of working in the finance department were very different form the theoretical knowledge I had gained as part of my formal education. I realized that while the formal training prepared me for work in finances and familiarized me with the various terminologies, the hands-on experience a I gained as part of my internship helped me realize that the actual working of the finance department was much more than making journal entries and posting ledgers or even preparing various budgets and analyzing them. The care with which individual clients and suppliers needed to be handled was an important part of my training where I learned from people who handled several complex situations on a daily basis. The finance department is counted among the core departments of any organization and the experience was an eye-opener into the workings of the fianc department and helped me understand that working life would involve multi tasking and multilevel thinking so as to ensure that all depart ments worked effortlessly (Prusak, 2016). References Brando, H., Borges-Andrade, J., Puente-Palacios, K. and Laros, J. (2012). Relationships between learning, context and competency: a multilevel study. BAR. Brazilian Administration Review, 9(1), pp.1-22. King, A., Fowler, S. and Zeithaml, C. (2001). Managing organizational competencies for competitive advantage: The middle-management edge. Academy of Management Executive, 15(2), pp.95-106. Prusak, R. (2016). The impact of employee competencies management as part of the human capital on the intellectual capital implementing process. Management, 20(1). Singh, P. (2013). Influence Of Leaders Intrapersonal Competencies On Employee Job Satisfaction. International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 12(10), p.1289.

Reed Supermarkets

Case Briefing The case involves Reed Supermarkets Company, which constitutes a regional grocery store with a considerable market share of the local industry. The supermarket chain has 192 stores operating in two regional distribution centres in the same country. The centres have employed more than 20,000 individuals in the United States (Carlson and Quelch 1).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Reed Supermarkets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the case is focused on the company’s target market in Ohio, specifically in Columbus, which makes its largest market (Carlson and Quelch 1). Despite considerable growth being observed in the Columbus market, the market share for Reed Supermarkets is reported to have decreased in this region over the last half a decade. The entry of new companies in the market has meant new competition for Reed with a stagnating the market share. Some of the factors in the market that have made the company underperform include changes in the customer preferences. Their customers have different preferences for value and quality from those that existed in the last few years. The company has not responded adequately to these fundamental changes. The chief executive officer has noted that the reason why Reed is stagnating is due to the poor strategies in place. Therefore, he has tasked the executives in the company to concoct a new strategy that will help the company achieve a revenue growth of 2% (Carlson and Quelch 1). Problem Statement The company and the individuals face a number of problems to which they must offer solutions. The challenge that these individuals face is how to increase the market share from the current 14% to 16% without making customers change the high brand image that they perceive of the company (Carlson and Quelch 1). However, the individuals who are tasked with increasing the market share for Reed Supermarkets will feel a numbe r of challenges. The first thing is that the company faces significant competition from the existing and new market players. The market is also fragmented. It will be difficult for Reed Supermarkets to secure a fast increase in the market share under these conditions. Therefore, the executives must devise creative ways of achieving this goal. The other challenge that they face is in the operating margin. The operating margin is at 2.1%. This means that the strategies they employ must be effective enough to ensure that the company uses the least possible resources. The third constraint that the company faces is in the expansion plan. The poor strategies that have been employed in the past have been insufficient to allow the expansion of Reed Supermarkets.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This applies for the financial year of 2010 (Carlson and Quelch 1). Despite the desir e to increase the market share, the company has not set up an investment plan that will oversee the increase in the number of stores that it operates in the region and in the county in general (Carlson and Quelch 1). Therefore, the problem is to achieve the increase in market share for Reed Supermarkets with the limited resources and poor past strategies. SWOT Analysis Strengths Reed has several strengths that are important in the realisation of the planned strategies. According to Sarin, Challagalla, and Kohli (566), the strengths of a company are important in the evaluation and assessment of the success that the strategies it puts in place will be achieved. One of the strengths that Reed has is that it has significant experience in handling private label merchandise (Carlson and Quelch 1). This strategy is important in the improvements for the customer selection practices that will lead to better performance. The other strength is that the area of Ohio that Reed Supermarkets has e stablished itself is rich in high-income consumers. This observation is strength to the company because it will lead to the promotion of high-end products that are recognised as beneficial to the company’s performance (Carlson and Quelch 1). The executive officers also recognise that Reed is a renowned brand whose awareness by people comes from the quality products that it offers (Carlson and Quelch 1). Therefore, it might be easy to promote the company and its operations and hence significant improvement in the market share. Weaknesses Despite the existence of the above strengths, there are also several weaknesses in the company and its strategies. The main weaknesses include the limited product selection that customers have from the organisation (Carlson and Quelch 1). According to Carlson and Quelch (1), the product selection that an organisation manages to adopt is crucial to its performance in the market. For Reed Supermarkets, product selection may be improved through a n increase in the experience that the company has in private label merchandise (Carlson and Quelch 1). The second weakness for Reed Supermarkets is the customer perception that exists on its products. The supermarket chain is perceived to have low-value products, which this may affect its performance (Carlson and Quelch 1). This weakness may be corrected through the change of perceptions of customers, although this move will require adequate marketing and promotion.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Reed Supermarkets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Opportunities Reed has processed some opportunities in the development of a strategy that will see a 2% annual growth in market share for the company. The first opportunity is the increasing growth in the local economy. The area is said to be emerging from poor economic performance that has been present in the last few years. Therefore, the purchasing power of the residents is likely to improve. Improvement in purchasing power means improvement for the retail companies in the area. Hence, this outcome translates to improved performance for Reed Supermarkets. The second opportunity is the improved international economy, which means that the company may engage in international expansion to improve its performance. Carlson and Quelch (1) claim that a company that aims to increase its local dominance in an area must also focus on other markets. The company also has labour as the other opportunity that it can utilise in its expansion and improvement agendas. The large number of employees may be trained on how to increase efficiency and to achieve individual and organisational improvement. Threats The main threat that the company faces is the increased number of competitors in the market. This increase is likely to bring intensified competition to the company in addition to the aspirations of increasing its market share. The other threat to this c ompany’s strategy of having an increase in the market share is the perception of customers about the company’s products. The company’s customers view Reed as a high-end company. This means that some of them are not able to purchase items. However, this situation may be changed through price modifications. Position Mapping Reed has a good position in the market. Thus, it manages to stay ahead of most of its competitors in the area. Some of the companies that are important to consider while positioning the company include Wholefood, Delfina, Costo, Family Dollar, and Trade Joe’s (Carlson and Quelch 1).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the positioning of quality, the company may be positioned above Costo, Family Dollar and Trade Joe’s. Wholefood is the only company to offer a higher quality than Reed in the area. In the pricing category, the company also performs better than Family Dollar, Costo, and Trade Joe’s, with a higher price for its items. However, Delfina has higher prices compared to Reed, with Wholefood ranking highest in the category. The product positioning is compatible with the company’s performance. It is renowned for high quality products, products that have been imported from other nations and natural and organic products (Carlson and Quelch 1). The challenge will be to maintain the product positioning while ensuring an increase in the same over the period within which the strategy is to be implemented. The pricing of the products in the organisation has to take the consideration of customers. This means that prices have to be according to the value that is accorded to the m by the customers. Perceptual map for Reed Supermarkets and competitors Source: (Reed Supermarkets 11) Alternative Solutions Apart from the suggested solutions to the problems described at Reed Supermarkets, other possible solutions include increased efficiency at the company, creation of a loyalty programme for customers and the introduction of products whose prices are in the mid-range. These alternative solutions along with their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed in this section. Increased Operating Efficiency The operating efficiency of an organisation affects its overall performance, and improvements in efficiency often result to increased performance (Peattie and Notley 333). Reed can increase its efficiency through the increase in employees and/or process efficiency. This move entails motivating employees to work towards the achievement of organisational goals. It can be done through training and rewards (Valeriu, Tudor, and Andrei 732). The organisation can al so engage in a restructuring process where the occurrence of role duplication among employees is tackled. It needs to maintain an effective staff team that is devoid of inefficiencies. The other area that can be changed to improve efficiency is the supply chain. Reed operates in an industry where the supply chain is important in the success of a company. Supply chain management practices that can be employed to improve efficiency include automation and the use of technology. The company also needs to engage positively with key stakeholders, including suppliers and retailers who buy the company’s goods. The optimisation of performance through the improvement of the supply chain is an effective way of increasing performance. The main advantage of increasing operating efficiency in the improvement for Reed is that it is less costly compared to other methods. It is also easier to implement. Besides, it can be achieved within a short period. The disadvantage is that it will lead t o the organisation retrenching some of its employees, especially those who are deemed less effective. This reduction in the workforce may work negatively on the company, thus leading to fewer improvements in services. Creation of a Loyalty Programme The loyalty programme is a means of rewarding customers that are loyal to the organisation through the provision of special benefits. The creation of a loyalty programme is an effective way of ensuring that an organisation attracts and retains customers. Varadarajan (122) stated that a loyalty programme works by making customers associated to an organisation, and hence contributing to its success. When an organisation offers rewards for customers that purchase a given product or a given quantity, they encourage them (customers) to purchase the products. Providing rewards for customers who frequent a store makes them return to the same store to buy other products. This strategy improves the company’s performance. This option is ass ociated with several advantages over other forms of interventions for Reed. One advantage is that the company can increase its performance through the incentives provided to its customers. The development of a loyalty programme also means that the company can establish a genuine client base, which it can use to promote its products and services. The disadvantage to the use of loyalty programme is that it creates dependence on customers. Mid-Range Pricing Reed is known for offering high-end items, which are accompanied by the high-end pricing and customers (Carlson and Quelch 1). This strategy has helped the company in terms of performance, with profitability being experienced as a result. A sizeable number of potential customers is unable to afford the products that are on offer at the retail company. The company can realise considerable growth and increase in market dominance if it develops a special price package for the ordinary customers. The sales volumes can also increase, thu s leading to profitability. The advantage of this solution is that it has the potential of increasing the number of customers visiting the organisation. As a result, it causes growth in sales and market share. The main disadvantage of using this strategy is that the company’s image as a high-end retail organisation may be diminished. Reed has used this plan to create its strategy. Answers to Case study Questions This section looks at some of the questions that are important to answer in the case study on Reed Supermarkets. Reed’s Position in the Columbus market Reed Supermarket can be defined as a market leader in the Columbus market. It occupies a favourable position in the market. It is ahead of most of its competitors in Columbus. Some of the companies that offer stiff competition to Reeds include Wholefood, Family Dollar, Delfina, Costo, and Trade Joe’s (Carlson and Quelch 1). In terms of quality of services, Reed is better than Family Dollar, Costo, and Tra de Joe’s. However, Wholefood is the only company that offers better quality services compared to Reed. Reed is also a high-end company offering high-priced items at its retail outlets. In terms of pricing, Reed performs better than Trade Joe’s, Family Dollar, and Costo by offering higher end items compared to these companies. Wholefood is the highest-ranking company in this highest in the category, with Delfina performing considerably better than Reed Supermarkets. The company currently has a market share of 14%, with the CEO aiming to improve this figure to 16% market share. The main customers visiting the company are those that demand high-end items. The company can be said to offer the same services. How the Supermarket makes Money Reed makes money through the sale of items in its retail outlets. The items are high-end and highly priced to ensure that customers who visit the organisation are wealthy and can afford these items. Like most other retail outlets, Reed ge ts goods from suppliers who get them from the manufacturing industries, or directly from the manufacturers. The source of Reed’s products is mainly the international market. The company imports most of the products at its outlet. The importation is associated with high quality goods. High-end customers prefer the imported goods. After these goods arrive at any of the two warehouses, they are priced conveniently so that their sale brings maximum returns to the company. These products are then marketed through the appropriate channels for the organisation. The marketing campaign is targeted to the high-end customers. The company makes money when customers purchase items from its stores. It also proceeds to ensure that all the other costs are properly controlled. Effective strategy for Reed moving forward: Is it Defensible? The most effective strategy for Reed Supermarkets will be to concentrate on the profit margin for the items that it sells. The company should improve on the profit margins by reducing the operational costs and the losses that occur out of inefficient processes. The profit margins can also be improved through a lean and efficient workforce. This strategy may necessitate an audit of the human resource for the organisation. Reed should also embark on optimisation of the profits through the retention of the profit margins that it currently enjoys. The company is known for providing high-end items, which are offered at a high price compared to other retail centres in the area. This character of the organisation means that most of the customers visiting its outlets are those that can afford to buy the items. Therefore, the company has managed to create a brand name for itself through offering these high priced and high-end items. The dollar coupon is not an effective strategy for the organisation since it will erode the image created over a long time as a high-end company. The depreciation of the brand image may also result in the customers l eaving the brand loyalty (Varadarajan 122). The new strategy for Reed should be focused on the assurance of customer satisfaction, which is the main reason why organisations exist aside from making profits (Carlson and Quelch 1). It should be more customer focused, meaning that the products offered are relevant to the needs of customers. Therefore, the strategy is defensible based on the effectiveness that it may bring to the organisation. Seriousness of the threat posed by Dollar Stores and Aldi The threat by Dollar Stores and Aldi is not very significant to Reed Supermarkets. The reason behind the low threat from the companies is that they offer different services to different customers. Reed has managed to position itself as a high-end company while the Dollar Stores and Aldi serve customers on the lower markets. The only threat that these stores offer to Reed is in the fallout because of favourable pricing. Customers that are unable to afford the goods offered at Reed are likely to run to these stores in search of better pricing. Reed has managed to maintain its brand image through pricing and quality of goods as stated above. Loyal customers have remained loyal even in the presence of dollar stores. Therefore, they are attracted by the brand (Carlson and Quelch 1). These customers are unlikely to migrate to these stores from Reed. Hence, the Dollar Stores and Aldi pose little threat to the company. Over the past few years, competition between Reed and other companies has often been on the pricing platform, with the competitors purporting to offer better prices compared to Reed Supermarkets. Should Collins continue the Dollar Specials campaign The dollar specials campaign at Reed Supermarket was meant to make some of the goods affordable for the average and mid-range customers. The campaign led to some increase in the number of sales. However, the overall effect from this campaign is a reduction in revenue. The opinion is that Collins should stop the dolla r specials campaign immediately and revert to the traditional pricing method that the company employs. The brand positioning and equity that Reed has been able to attain over the past is based on high pricing of high-end products. The dollar campaign was going against this plan (Carlson and Quelch 1). There were also financial losses associated with the dollar campaign, with a net loss of 76% on all the discounted items (Carlson and Quelch 1). The company’s operating profits for 2010 are said to be lower in relation to those of the previous year, with 0.4% of the reduction being attributed to the dollar campaign (Carlson and Quelch 1). Since some of the dollar stores are located close to the Reed Supermarket stores, the information on the dollar stores is causing the regular customers to change their loyalty. Financial Impact of the Decision The financial impact of stopping the dollar campaign with immediate effect at Reed will be positive and negative with reference to the o rganisation. However, the effects will be dependent on whether the period is immediately after or long after the disbandment. In the first few months after the dollar campaign is abandoned, the number of customers in the company is not likely to change. This means that the profit margins are likely to be sustained over the same period. The 76% loss in profit from the items that were in the programme is likely to be corrected, with the company regaining its market share in terms of revenue. The company had a net gain of about 3% in the number of customers in the period over which the campaign was in place. This was not significantly large compared to the losses that the company was incurring in the form of revenue. With the withdrawal of this programme from the organisation, the additional customers are likely to move away from the organisation, thus taking with them part of the revenue that the company makes. However, the revenue saved through the cancellation of the programme will compensate this loss in revenue. Collin’s Action Plan for Reed for 2011 Collins should have an efficient plan for Reed for the year 2011, with this having the objective of reducing the operational costs and ensuring an increase in the market share in keeping with the company’s aspirations. Several recommendations are possible a highlighted below. The first recommendation that is stated in the previous section is that the company should stop the dollar special campaign that it has in place (Carlson and Quelch 1). The reason behind the recommendation is that Reed has cultivated a culture that is part of its brand name. The company has traditionally dealt with high-end pricing and products. This plan has been important in the creation of the brand image and loyalty. Most of the existing customers are a result of this image. However, the dollar campaign is eroding it. There are also no significant gains from the programme, with the net value being a loss. There is only an increase of 3% for customers to the institution. These customers are mainly looking for bargaining and hence of little value to the organisation. The profits for the previous year are also said to have reduced by about 0.4% because of the introduction of the special dollar campaign. Therefore, the first strategy should be the cancellation of this programme. The next step that Collins should take is to increase the sales target for Reed Supermarkets. According to Varadarajan (122), the sales targets are an important aspect of any organisation with the strategy of being successful in any industry. The current market share of 14% has stagnated over the last financial year. This situation has not been received well by the CEO and other stakeholders. This assertion is the basis of the targeted increase by 2% for the current financial year to make the market share about 16% (Carlson and Quelch 1). The target that the organisation has in increasing the market share to 16% is a general incr ease of 95 million dollars to a sales total of $775 million for the year 2011 (Carlson and Quelch 1). The target is reasonable. With the achievement in market share, the revenues for Reed Supermarkets will increase significantly. The current market for all companies stood at $4.74 billion (Carlson and Quelch 1). In the targeted increase in market share for Reed Supermarkets, the assumption that the executives and other individuals involved in the plan is that the total market share remains constant over the same period. This assumption is valid, although the devised strategy should allow the achievement of more market share. The market share, being the first target in the assessment of the company’s improvement, should be monitored throughout the implementation of the strategy to allow for the establishment of the effectiveness of the strategy that is in place. The other strategy that Reed Supermarkets should adopt is the maintenance of the target segment and an increase in t he customer wallet share (Carlson and Quelch 1). Varadarajan (122) states that the retail outlets such as supermarkets are especially affected by the wallet share of their customers. Reed has focused on the affluent in the society as the main customer base. This strategy has made the company operate with the brand that it has created. The other individuals that the company has targeted as its important customers are the older individuals in the society. These customers have a considerably smaller household size (Carlson and Quelch 1). Collins should maintain the target population in his strategy to increase the market share for the company. The wallet share for the current customer base for Reed Supermarkets is 8.93%, which is smaller than the wallet share that exists in other types of supermarkets that are in competition with Reed Supermarkets (Carlson and Quelch 1). Therefore, Collins should target to increase the wallet share for customers of the organisation by at least a percen tage a year. The increment in the wallet share for the customers will mean a better performance for the company. The average wallet share for supermarket customers in the region in general is 10%, with this figure being above what is calculated for Reed’s customers (Carlson and Quelch 1). A percentage increase in the customer wallet share for Reed Supermarkets will result in an increase of about $79 million a year. This outcome will cause the company to regain its position in the market and increase its market share. The next strategy that Collins should put in place is to maintain the brand positioning that the company has maintained to construct. Reed has maintained a culture of serving high-end customers, with the prices that are offered being relevant to this population of customers. This strategy has worked well for the company, with the current advantage that it is enjoying over other institutions being because of it. Therefore, a suggestion is that Collins should maint ain this strategy even as the company aims to increase its market share. The maintenance of the high-end market means that the brand name and the image created over the past few years will be maintained, and that the company will be able to retain its regular customers. The company may use many ways to maintain its brand positioning. One example is that Reed should specialise in the provision of quality services and goods to customers, with these services and goods being better in relation to those of its competitors such as Delfina and Wholefoods. The customer experience at the stores should also be improved, with the provision of better lighting, faster check out, and longer opening hours for the stores. The provision of improved services will also lead to improved competition, and consequently increased market share for the company. The next strategy that Collins should use to improve the performance of the organisation and lead to an increase in market share is the provision of improved product mix (Carlson and Quelch 1). According to Kurt and Hulland (58), companies that provide a wider variety of goods often perform better than those providing a limited range of products. The retail chain offers private labels in its product line. This move is considered an important contributor to the revenues of the company. A way of improving the sales from these products is to increase the private labels with the introduction of new ones. The proportion of private labels to the other products should be increased to 25%. This increase should be accompanied by maintenance of the SGA and the Gross margin (Carlson and Quelch 1). The company can use intelligent means of countering competition by the use of this method. Another way of killing the competition that Reed should use is to sell two types of goods in each of the categories on offer, with three quarters of these goods being premium goods while the other share goes to private label products that are offered at che aper prices. This move affects competition in that the competitors such as Aldi will be warned against entering the high-end market (Carlson and Quelch 1). Reed should ensure that it rolls out food-containing and beverage-containing bundled products since this strategy will also lead to an increase in the market share for the company. A significant proportion of Reed’s customers buys organic pets food. The company should ensure that it maintains a hold on this proportion of its customers. The current proportion of customers that are involved in the purchase of organic pets’ food stands at 20%. This figure is a significant proportion of the customers for the organisation (Carlson and Quelch 1). Therefore, Collins should ensure that these customers are retained in the company even with the changes that are likely to take place. The other strategy that Reed should adopt is to increase the customer base that it relies on. Any increase in the customer base will translate to an increase in the market share for the company. Therefore, it is paramount that Collins focuses on an increase in the customer base if he wants to achieve the increase in market share. Galaxy Stores Company presents a good example of one of the companies that Reed Supermarkets may attract some of the customers. Galaxy Stores Company is said to be in the verge of losing a significant proportion of clients, with this situation being driven by the poor location of its retail stores. They are unable to sustain the promotions (Carlson and Quelch 1). Reed Supermarkets can attract customers from Galaxy Stores through the provision of more private labels and a convenient location of Reed’s stores (Carlson and Quelch 1). Reed should also add more stores, increase the quantity of prepared food, and establish a good relationship with customers who are willing to buy from the stores as an option for Galaxy Stores (Carlson and Quelch 1). With any percentage increase in market share that Reed is able to attain through the grabbing of Galaxy’s customers, the company stands to gain an excess of $47 million (Carlson and Quelch 1). The increase in market share will be in keeping with the strategy put in place by Collins while the increase in revenue will be beneficial to the company. In the price strategy, the only change that is suggested is the scrapping of the dollar special in the organisation (Carlson and Quelch 1). The move to eliminate this programme, as stated above, will be important in guaranteeing of positive performance of the organisation. Collins should not adopt new strategies to improve the prices for the moment apart from this suggested scrapping of the special dollar programme. As Varadarajan (122) says, the pricing of a commodity for any organisation should be done after consideration of several factors such as the market value, the production process, the utility of the product, and the demand. In the case of Reed Supermarkets, the pricing fo r its products is based on the brand image that it intends to maintain. The prices are adequate after the elimination of the special dollar campaign. The next strategy that Collins should adopt for the success of Reed in increasing the market share is to embark on a promotional drive for the company. The company should utilise the various media types in existence to ensure that it expands its brand image (Varadarajan 122). Promotion and marketing constitute some of the most efficient ways to increase the sales of a company. Collins should adopt these measures to increase the performance of Reed Supermarkets. The promotion should be carried out on the media, including the internet and print media. The internet is the most effective and efficient method of running advertising campaigns for the supermarket chain. The traditional media types such as the television and print media (Varadarajan 124) should complement it. The company should ensure that while carrying out the advertising ca mpaigns, there is an emphasis on the type of clients that the company serves and the type of products that it is offering (Varadarajan 125). The company should target the high-end market. Hence, its advertising campaigns should be specific to this group. It should sponsor events that are often attended by the high-end individuals with the aim of boosting the image of being a classic company with its interests in mind. The adopted marketing campaign should be effective in the promotion of the company. With this move, the market share for Reed should increase. The other strategy that Reed Supermarket should adopt to achieve an increase in the market share is the use of e-commerce in its operations. Varadarajan (122) states that with the developments in the telecommunication age, companies cannot afford to ignore the role played by the internet and other forms of technology in their success. Therefore, Collins should ensure that the company has a strong presence on the internet, with d evelopment of a working website and the use of internet advertising. The use of e-commerce at the retail centres should allow the company to stay ahead of its competitors, with the customers being able to transact using the online services. In organisations where the internet has been applied as a form of e-commerce, significant improvements in revenues for the organisations have been recorded. Reed Supermarkets should implement the same plan where customers can shop from different parts of the state at the comfort of their sitting rooms. The other areas where Collins should focus on improving is the supply chain, which is an important part of an organisation operating in this industry. The supply chain should be automated with the introduction of different strategies such as effective inventory management (Barbu and Ionescu 296). The last suggestion for Collins in terms of to increase the market share for Reed in 2011 is to maintain the existing stores, with no addition of new ones . Although the other companies that are indirect competition with Reed such as dollar stores have increased their stores, they have only managed to realise a small increase in the number of sales and market size of share (Carlson and Quelch 1). The current stores that Reed operates are located in favourable places. An addition of more stores will affect the company’s image, as these new stores will be located in inaccessible areas for customers. The other reason behind the advice of not increasing the number of stores for Reeds is based on the strategies that the company has over the next year. Reed plans to increase its market share over the next year. This move will lead to the consumption of most of the available revenue. The company is also reported to have limited revenue that is available for expansion in the financial year. Therefore, expanding and opening of new stores will not be financially feasible. The other reason behind the dissuasion for Collins to open more st ores is that the new stores will also be a liability for the company. If implemented, the above measures will be effective strategies for Reed that hopes to increase its market share by 2% points over the next year. Works Cited Reed Supermarkets. Reed Supermarkets, 2014. Web. Barbu, Andreea, Mihaela, and Florin Ionescu. â€Å"Conceptual Model Of Marketing Strategic Planning Specific To Public Organisations.† Annals Of The University Of Oradea, Economic Science Series 21.2(2012): 795-800. Print. Carlson, Carole, and John Quelch. â€Å"Reed Supermarkets: A New Wave of Competitors.† Harvard Business School Cases 1.1(2011): 1. Print. Kurt, Didem, and John Hulland. â€Å"Aggressive Marketing Strategy Following Equity Offerings And Firm Value: The Role Of Relative Strategic Flexibility.† Journal Of Marketing 77.5(2013): 57-74. Print. Peattie, Kenneth, and David Notley. â€Å"The Marketing And Strategic Planning Interface.† Journal Of Marketing Management 4.3(19 89): 330-349. Print. Sarin, Shikhar, Goutam Challagalla, and Ajay Kohli. â€Å"Implementing Changes in Marketing Strategy: The Role Of Perceived Outcome- And Process-Oriented Supervisory Actions.† Journal Of Marketing Research (JMR) 49.4(2012): 564-580. Print. Valeriu, Catalin, Ionescu Tudor, and Popescu Andrei. â€Å"The Premises Of Strategic Marketing Planning Implementation Within Small And Medium Sized Enterprises.† Annals of The University Of Oradea, Economic Science Series 20.1 (2011): 730-735. Print. Varadarajan, Rajan. â€Å"Strategic Marketing And Marketing Strategy: Domain, Definition, Fundamental Issues And Foundational Premises.† Journal Of The Academy Of Marketing Science 38.2 (2010): 119-140. Print. This case study on Reed Supermarkets was written and submitted by user Kyra T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Essay on Study Habit

Sample Essay on Study HabitA sample essay on study habit should be an important part of your career assessment. You need to make sure that you will be able to write a good essay on studying. In this article, you will learn what you need to do in order to write a great essay on studying habit.The first thing that you need to do when writing a sample essay on study habit is to collect some relevant information about the topic. A good example of a topic is the average study habits of many students. In this case, the sample essay is about how students study. Once you have collected the information, you need to analyze it and learn what kind of details and information you need to include.In most cases, students tend to forget certain parts of their essays. In order to prevent this from happening, you need to think of certain parts that need to be included. In this case, you need to find the important points that you want to include.After you have learned what types of things to include, y ou should come up with a plan for writing such points. This way, you will be able to make sure that the points are well organized. Since you are writing a sample essay on study habit, it is important that you include information about the reading materials that you are going to use. This will help you organize the essays you are going to submit to schools.You need to prepare your essays. This means that you need to ensure that you are going to write an essay that is informative and captivating. Writing an essay on study habit is not easy and requires careful planning and preparation. If you are going to include the subject in your sample essay, you need to make sure that the information is well-organized and persuasive.The next step that you need to consider is how long your essay is going to be. You need to make sure that the essay is interesting enough to be completed in just a few minutes. Make sure that you include things that will keep people reading the entire time. You can't just have information in the middle and expect them to read through the whole essay.Finally, you need to review your own essay. You need to make sure that you have all the information about the topic that you needed to include in your essay. Try to think of all the points that you needed to include so that you can make sure that the entire essay is well-written. Once you feel confident about the composition of your essay, you can begin writing it.As you can see, writing a sample essay on study habit is not hard to do. You just need to know what information to include and how to organize it in order to make it look attractive.